Head Injuries
Head Injuries
Many head injuries are not serious but can look worse due to the bleeding from the scalp, but it is important to check and monitor anyone who has suffered a head injury as it could lead to more serious problems.
Trauma to the head can also affect the spine, particularly with a heavy blow to the head and this should be considered with all significant head injuries, including sports related accidents.
The risk with a head injury is to the brain, which is contained within the skull. Internal bleeding can cause a pressure build up inside the brain or a skull fracture which can directly press on the brain are the biggest risks and require urgent medical attention.
Signs & Symptoms
Three common conditions that can result from head injuries are: Concussion, compression and fractured skull.
Concussion is the brain ‘shaking’ inside the skull. This causes a disruption to normal brain functions. Concussion can cause short term unconsciousness, but this should pass after a short period. Memory loss of the accident and repetition is also common.
Vomiting, pale skin, headaches or odd behaviour will need monitoring as this could be an indication of other problems and complications.
Compression is where the brain is placed under severe pressure due to bleeding or swelling inside the skull. This could occur as a result of a recent head injury which could now be deteriorating.
Confusion and lack of consciousness may develop.
Vomiting, flushed or dry skin and intense headaches are likely.
A person with a fractured skull can show signs of concussion or compression. The fractured bones are a risk as they could damage areas of the brain or cause bleeding.
Swelling or bruising around the head, eyes or ears can also be an indication of a fractured skull.
Treatment
- Monitor a casualty with concussion for 48 hours and seek medical attention is they start vomiting or a generalised headache becomes worse.
- Call 999/112 if consciousness is decreasing, there is fluid from the nose or ears or you suspect a fractured skull.
- Help the casualty to lie down but keep the head, neck and spine inline if you suspect a spinal injury.
- If the casualty is unconscious check airway and breathing. If keeping the airway clear is becoming a problem you may need to use the recovery position but be aware of possible spinal injuries. Keep the head and neck inline with the spine as you turn them.
- Monitor breathing and airway, be ready to start CPR if necessary.
- Apply gentle pressure to scalp bleeding but do not stop discharge from the nose or ears. Do not apply pressure if you suspect the skull has been fractured.
