Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is where the body’s immune system begins to overreact, usually as a result of an extreme allergic reaction. Triggers include allergic reactions to nuts, shellfish, milk and insect stings.
During an anaphylactic reaction the body releases huge quantities of histamine from cells in the blood and this causes swelling of the tissues and usually a rash.
Because the histamine release causes problems with airway, breathing and circulation an anaphylactic reaction is a life threatening emergency.
People who are known to suffer from serious allergic reaction will usually carry an auto-injector pen or nasal spray. These devices administer Adrenaline which reverses the reaction.
Signs & Symptoms
- Rapid onset of symptoms
- Swollen tongue
- Difficultly in breathing
- Wheezy breathing sounds
- Feeling faint and dizzy
- Skin rash (not everyone has this)
- Pale, cold, sweaty skin
Treatment
- Call 999/112.
- Lay the casualty down and ask them if they have their auto-injector or nasal spray.
- Assist the casualty with their medication by following the instructions written on the device.
- A second dose of adrenaline from a second auto-injector can be given after 5 minutes. It is best to give this in the opposite leg.
- Start CPR if the casualty becomes unconscious or stops breathing.
